BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

A.           The Holy Qur’an

 

B.           Commentaries and Quranic Sciences

 

1) Atar, Hasan Diya’ al-Din, al-Mu’jizah al-Khalidah, 2nd ed, Dar Ibn Hazm: Beirut, Lebanon. 1989 AD.

2) Atar, Nur al-Din, Ulum al-Qur’an, Dar al-Khair: Damascus, 1st ed. 1414 AH/ 1993 AD.

3) Abu al-Hajjaj, Mujahid Ibn Jabr al-Makhzumi al-Tabi’i, Tafsir Mujahjid.

4) Abu al-Su’ud, Muhammad Ibn Muhammad al-’Imadi, Irshad al-‘Aql al-SalimIa Mazaya al-Qur’an al-Karim.

5) Abu Hayyan, Muhammad Ibn Yusuf  Ibn Ali al-Andalusi al-Ghirnati, al-Bahr al-Muhit fi al-Tafsir.

6) Al-Alusi, Muhammad Shukri, Ruh al-Ma’ani.

7) Al-Baghawi, Abu Muhammad al-Husain Ibn Mas’ud al-Farra al-Shafi’i, Tafsir al-Baghawi, called Ma’alim al-Tanzil.

8) Al-Baydawi, ‘Abd Allah Ibn ‘Umar, Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Tawil.

9) Al-Khatabi, Abu Sulaiman Hamad Ibn Hamad Ibn Ibrahim, Bayan I’jaz al-Qur’an, revised by Muhammad Khalaf Allah and Muhammad Zaghlul Salam, Dar al-Ma’arif: Cairo, 4th ed, within a group of theses on I’jaz al-Qur’an.

10)   Al-Khazin, ‘Ala’ al-Din ‘Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Baghdadi, Tafsir al-Khazin, called Lubab al-Ta’wil fi Ma’ani al-Tanzil.

11)   Al-Nas’i, al-Imam Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman Ahmad Ibn Shu’aib Ibn Ali, Tafsir al-Nasa’i.

12)   Al-Nasafi, ‘Umar Ibn Muhammad, al-Akmal al-Atwal fi al-Tafsir.

13)   Al-Nasafi, Abu al-Barakat ‘Abdullah Ibn Ahmad Mahmud, Madarik al-Tanzil wa Haqa’iq al-Ta’wil.

14)   Al-Qasimi, Muhammd Jamal al-Qasimi, Mahasin al-Tanzil.

15)   Al-Qurtubi, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Ahmad al-Ansari, Al-Jamili Ahkam al-Qur’an.

16)   Al-Rafi’i, Mustadfa Sadiq, I’jaz al-Qur’an wa al-Balghah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi: Beirut, ed. Of 1410 AH/1990 AD.

17)   Al-Sabuni, Muhammad Ali, Safwat al-Tafasir, Dar al-Fikr: Beirut.

18)   Al-San’ani, ‘Abd al-Razzaq Ibn Humam, Tafsir al-Qur’an.

19)   Al-Shawkani, Muhammad Ibn ‘Ali, Fath al-Qadir.

20)   Al-Suyuti, al-Itqan fiUlum al-Qur’an.

21)   Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, al-Durr al-Manthur fi al-Tafsir al-Ma’thur.

22)   Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, al-Mahli, Jalal al-Din, Tafsir al-Jalalayn.

23)   Al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Jarir, Jami’ al-Bayan fi Ta’wil Ayi al-Qur’an.

24)   Al-Tha’alibi, ‘Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn Makhluf Abi Zaid al-Maliki, al-Jawahir al-Hisan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an.

25)   Al-Wahidi, Abu al-Hasan, al-Wajiz fi Tafsir al-Kitab al-‘Aziz.

26)   Al-Zamakhshari, Mahmud Ibn ‘Umar, al-Kashshaf ‘An Haqaiq al-Tanzil.

27)   Al-Zarqani, Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azim, Manahil al-‘Irfan fiUlum al-Qur’an, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut, 1st ed. 1409 AH. 1988 AD.

28)   Draz, Muhammad ‘Abdullah, al-Naba’ al-‘Azim: Nazarat Jadidah fi al-Qur’an, Dar Tibah: Riyad, 2nd2d. 1420 AH/ 2000 AD.

29)   Hikmat Bashir Yasin, al-Tafsir al-Sahih [mausu’at al-Sahi al-Masbur min al-tadfsir al-Ma’thur], Dar al-Ma’athir, al-Madina al Munawwarah, 1st ed. 1420 AH/ 1999Ad.

30)   Ibn al-Jawzi, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Ali, Zad al-Masir fiIlm al-Tafsir.

31)   Ibn Hayyan, Muhammad ibn Ysuf ibn ‘Ali ibn Hayyan al-Andulusi al-Gharnati, Al-Bahr al-Muhit fi al-Tafsir.

32)   Ibn Kathir, al-Hafiz, Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Azim.

33)   Yusrah al-Sayyid Muhammad, Badai’ al-Tafsir al-Jamili Tafsir al-Imam Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: Demam, 1st ed. 1414 AH/ 1993 AD.

 

C. The Books of Hadith:

             1)   Abdullah Ibn Ahmad Ibn Hanbal al-Shaybani, Al-Sunnah,1st ed., Dar Ibn al-Qayyim, Dammam, 1406 AH. Revised by Muhammad Sa’id al-Qahtani.

             2)   Abu al-Baqi Ibn Qani’, Mu’jam al-Sahabah, revised by Salah Ibn Salim al-Misrati, Maktabat al-Ghuraba’ al-Athariyyah: al-Madina al-Munawwarah, 1st ed. 1418.

             3)   Abu Bakr al-Haythami, Majma’ al-Zawaid wa Manba’ al-Fawaid, Dar al-Rayyan li Al-Turath, Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi: Cairo and Beirut, 1407.

             4)   Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Al-Musnad, revised by Ahmad Shakir.

             5)   Al-‘Asqalani, al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar, Nuzhat al-Nazar, revised by Ali al-Halabi, 1st ed. Dar Ibn al-Jawzi al-Su’udiyyah, 1417 AH.

             6)   Al-‘Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Talkhis al-Habir fi Ahadith al-Rafi’i al-Kabir, al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, 1384 A.H./1964 AD, Revised by al-SayyidAbd Allah Hashim al-Yamani al-Madani

             7)   Al-Albani, Sahih al- Jami’ al-Saghir, 2nd ed., Al-Maktab al-Islami: Beirut, 1399 AH/1979 AD.

             8)   Al-Albani, Sahih Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, 1st ed., Al-Maktab al-Islami: Beirut,1408 AH/1988 AD.

             9)   Al-Albani, Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah, 3rd ed., Al-Maktab al-Islami: Beirut, 1408 AH/1988 AD.

           10) Al-Albani, Sunan Abi Dawud, 1st ed., Al-Maktab al-Islami, Beirut: 1409 AH/1989 AD.

           11) Al-Asbahani, Abu Na’im, Dala’il al-Nubuwah, Takhrij of Abdullah al-Barr ‘Abbas, revised by Muhammad Rawwas Qal’achi, al-Maktabah al-‘Arabiyyah: Alepo, 1st ed. 1390 AH/ 1970 AD.

           12) Al-Asbahani, Abu Na’im, Hilayt al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya, 4th ed., Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi: Beirut, 1405 A.H.

           13) Al-Azdi, Mu’ammar Ibn Rashid, Al-Jami’, revised by Habib al-A’zami, Dar al-Maktab al-Islami: Beirut, 2nd ed. 1403AH.

           14) Al-Baihaqi, Ahmad Ibn al-Husain, al-I’tiqad, revised by Ahmad ‘Isam al-Katib, Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah: Beirut, 1st ed. 1401.

           15) Al-Baihaqi, Dala’il al-Nubuwah, 1st ed., Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut, Lebanon, commented on by ‘Abd al-Mu’ti Qal’chi, 1985 AD.

           16) Al-Bayhaqi, Shu’ab al-Iman 1st ed., Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut: 1410 AH, revised by Muhammad Zaghlul.

           17) Al-Bukhari, Muhamad Ibn Isma’il Ibn Ibrahim, al-Tarikh al-Kabir, revised by Ali Muhammad al-Jabbawi, Dar al-Jil: Beirut, 1st ed. 1412 AH/ 1992 AD.

           18) Al-Fakihi, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn al-‘Abbas, Akhbar Makka, revised by Abd al-Malik Abdullah al-Dihaish, Dar Khidir: Beirut, ed. of 1414.

           19) Al-Firyabi, Ja’far Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan, Dala’il al-Nubuwah, revised by ‘Amir Hasan Sabri, Dar Hira’: Makka al-Mukarramah, 1st ed. 1406.

           20) Al-Jazri, Majd al-Din Abu al-Sa’adat al-Mubarak Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Athir, revised by ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Arnaut, Jami’ al-Usul fi Ahadith al-Rasul, Dar al-Fikr: Beirut, 2nd ed. 1403 AH/ 1983 AD.

           21) Al-Kitani, Nazm al-Mutanathir min al-Hadith al-Mutawatir, 2nd ed., Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut, 1403. AH.

           22) Al-Maqdisi, Al-Ahadith al-Mukhtarah, 1st ed., Maktabat al-Nahdah al-Hadithah, Makkah al-Mukarramah,1410 AH. Revised by ‘Abd al-Malik Ibn Abdullah Ibn Duhaysh.

           23) Al-Maruzi, Abdullah Ibn al-Mubarak Ibn Wadih, al-Zuhd, revised by Habib al-Rahman al-A’zami, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut.

           24) Al-Mubarak Furi, Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi Bisharh Jami’ al-Tirmidhi, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut.

           25) Al-Muntakhab min MusnadAbd Ibn Humaid, 1st ed., Maktabat al-Sunnah, Cairo, 1408 AH/1988 AD. Revised by Subhi al-Badri al-Samarrai and Muhammad al-Sa’idi.

           26) Al-Nasai, Al-Sunan Al-Kubra, 1st ed., Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut: 1414 AH/1991AD.

           27) Al-Nisaburi, al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak ‘ala al-Sahihain, 1st ed., Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut, 1411 A.H./1990 AD, Revised by Mustafa ‘Abd al-Qadir ‘Ata.

           28) Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din Abd al-Rahman Ibn Abi Bakr, Tadrib al-Rawi fi Sharh Taqrib al-Nawawi, revised by Abd al-Wahhab Abd al-Latif, Dar ‘Ihya’ al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah: Beirut, 2nd ed. 1399 AH/ 1979 AD.

           29) Al-Tabarani, Al-Mu’jam al-Awsat, Dar al-Haramayn, Cairo, 1415 A.H., Revised by Tariq al-Husaini.

           30) Al-Tabarani, Al-Mu’jam al-Kabir, 2nd ed., Maktabat al-‘Ulum wa al-Hikam, Mosul, 1404 A.H./1983 AD, Revised by Hamdi al-Slafi.

           31) Al-Tabarani, Al-Mu’jam al-Saghir, 1st ed., al-Maktab al-Islami and Dar ‘Ammar: Beirut and Amman, 1405 A.H./1985 AD, Revised by Muhammad Amrir.

           32) Bashanfar, Sa’id Ibn ‘Abd al-Qadir Ibn Salim, Dala’il al-Nubuwah, Maktabat Dar al-Bar wa Maktabat al-Kharraz, 1st ed, 1417 AH/ 1996 AD.

           33) Hinad Ibn al-Sari al-Kufi, al-Zuhd, revised by Abd al-Rahman Abd al-Jabbar al-Firyuwani, Dar al-Khulafalil Kitab al-Islami: Kuwait, 1st ed. 1406.

           34) Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, Al-Tamhid, The Ministry of General Endowments and Islamic Affairs, Morocco, 1387. Revised by Mustafa Ibn Ahmad al-‘Alawi and Muhammad  Abd al-Kabir al-Bakri.

           35) Ibn Abi Shaybah, Al-Musannaf, 1st ed., Maktabat al-Rushd, Riyad, revised by Kamal Yusuf al-Hut.

           36) Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani, Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari, Dar al-Ma’rifah: Beirut, 1379 AH. Revised by Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Baqi and Muhib al-Din al-Khatib.

           37) Ibn Mandah, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yahya, al-Iman, revised by Ali Ibn Muhammad Nasir al-Faqihi, Mu’assasat al-Risalah: Beirut, 2nd ed, 1406.

           38) Imam Malik Ibn Anas, al-Muwatta, corrected by Muhammad Fu’ad Abd al-Baqi, Dar Ihya’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah.

           39) Musnad AbiAwanah al-Isfirayini, 1st ed. Dar al-Ma’rifah: Beirut, 1998, Revised by Ayman al-Dimashqi in five Vols—Another ed. in two parts—Dar al-Ma’rifah.

           40) Musnad Abi Ya’la al-Tamimi, 1st ed., Dar al-Mamun lil-Turath: Damascus, 1404 A.H., Revised by Husain Salim Asad.

           41) Musnad al-Bazzar called Al-Bahr al-Zakhkhar, 1st ed., Mu’assasat  Ulum al-Qur’an: Beirut, 1409 AH. Revised by Mahfuz al-Rahman Zain Allah.

           42) Musnad al-Humaidi ed. of Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah and Maktabat al-Muthanna; Beirut, Cairo, Revised by Habib al-Rahman al-A’zami

           43) Musnad al-Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, revised by a group of researchers under the supervision of the Shaikh and Muhaddith Shu’aib al-Arnaut, Mu’assasat al-Risalah: Beirut, 1st ed. 1416 AH/ 1995 AD.

           44) Musnad al-Imam Ahmad, published by Mu’assasat Qurtuba, Egypt. ed. of al-Maktab al-Islami, with index by Al-Albani.

           45) Musnad al-Rawyani, 1st ed., Dar al-Qahirah, Mu’ssasat Qurtubah, 1416 A.H. Revised by Ayman ‘Ali Abu Yamani.

           46)  Musnad al-Shashi, al-Haitham Ibn Kulaib al-Shashi, revised by Mahfuz al-Rahman Zain Allah, Maktabat al-‘Ulum wa al-Hikam, al-Madina al-Munawwarah, 1st ed, 1410 AH.

           47) Musnad Ibn al-Ja’d, Ali Ibn ‘Ubaid, revised by ‘Amir Ahmad Haidar, Mu’assasat Nadir: Beirut, 1st ed, 1410 AH/ 1990 AD.

           48) Musnad Ishaq Ibn Rahawayh, Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Mukhallad al-Maruzi, revised by Abd al-Ghafur Abd al-Haqq Husain al-Bulushi, Makabat al-Iman: al-Madia al-Munawwarah, 1st ed. 1990 AAD.

           49) Sahih al-Bukhari

           50) Sahih al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 2nd ed., Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1406 AH.

           51) Sahih Ibn Hibban bi Tartib Ibn Bilban, Mu’assasat al-Risalah: Beirut, 1414 AH/1993 AD. Revised by Shu’aib al-Arnaut

           52) Sahih Muslim

           53) Sahih Muslim bisharh al-Nawawi, revised by Khalil Ma’mun Shaiha, Dar al-Ma’rifah: Beirut, 1st ed. 1414 AH/ 1994 AD.

           54) Sunan Abi Dawud

           55) Sunan al-Bayhaqi al-Kubra, Maktabat Dar al-Baz, Makka al-Mukarramah, 1414 A.H. 1994 AD, Revised by Muhammad Abd al-Qadir ‘Ata.

           56) Sunan al-Dar Qatni, Ali Ibn ‘Umar Abu al-Hasan al-Dar Qatni al-Baghdadi, revised by al-Sayyid Abdullah Hashim Yamani al-Madani, Dar al-Ma’rifah: Beirut, 1386 AH/ 1966 AD.

           57) Sunan al-Darimi., 1st ed., Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi: Beirut 1407 A.H., Revised by Fawwaz Ahmad Zamarli and Khalid al-Sab’ al-‘Alami.

           58) Sunan al-Nisai

           59) Sunan al-Tirmidhi

           60) Sunan Ibn Majah

 

C.     The Books of al-‘Aqidah (Islamic Doctrine)

 

       1)         Abd  al-Haqq, Muhammad in the International Scriptures.

       2)         Al-‘Arusi, Jailan Ibn Khidr, al-Du’awa Manzilatuhu min al-‘Aqidah al-Islamiyyah, Maktabat al-Irshad, Sharikat al-Riyad lil Nashr wa al-Tawzi’: Riyad, 1st ed. 1417AH/ 1996 AD.

       3)         Al-Ashqar, ‘Umar Sulaiman, al-Yawm al-Akhir al-Qiyamah al-Kubra, 11th ed Amman, Jordan, 1421 AH/ 2000 AD.

       4)         Al-Ashqar, ‘Umar Sulaiman, al-Yawm al-Akhir wa al-Jannah wa al-Nar, 7th ed., Dar al-Nafa’is: Amman, Jordan, 1418 AH/ 1998 AD.

       5)         Al-Baihaqi, Manaqib al-Shafi’i, 1/442-443, A’lam al-Muwaqqi’in, 1/80 through I’tiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah fi al-Sahabah al-Kiram, Nasir al-Shaikh, 1/104.

       6)         Al-Hanbali, Ibn Rajab, al-Takhwif min al-Nar, revised by Bashir Muhammad ‘Awn, 3rd ed., Maktabat al-Muaiyad: Riyad, 1413 AH/ 1992.

       7)         Al-Hashimi, Salih ibn Husayn, Takhjil man Harrafa al-Tawrat wa al-Injil.

       8)         Al-Hindi, Rahmat Allah Ibn Khalil, Izhar al-Haqq, Dar al-Bayda.

       9)         Al-Jawziyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, Hadi al-Arwah ila Bilad al-Afrah, revised by al-Sharjabi and Qasim al-Nuri, 2nd ed., Mu’assasat al-Risalah: Beirut, Lebanon, 1414 AH/ 1994 AD.

     10)       Al-Mawsu’ah al-Muyassarh fi al-Adyan wa al-Madhahib wa al-Ahzab al-Mu’asirah, 3rd ed., 1418 AH, published by Dar al-Nadwah al-‘Alamiyyah li al-Tiba’ah

     11)       Al-Qarafi, Al-Ajwibah al-Fakhirah.

     12)       Al-Shanqiti, Shaikh Muhammad al-Amin, Daf’ al-Iham ‘an Ayat al-Kitab (to refute the illusion of the existence of contradictions between the verses of the Qur’an).

     13)       Al-Zindani, Abdul-Majeed, Ilm al-Iman, Sharikat al-Nur, 1st ed. 1420 AH/ 2000 AD.

     14)       Hibat Allah al-Tabari al-Lalikai, Sharh Usul I’tiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’a, 4th ed., Dar Tibah, Riyad, 1416AH/1995 AD. Revised by Ahmad al-Ghamidi.

     15)       Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, revised by Mustafa al-Saqqa, et al. Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al’Arabi: Beirut.

     16)       Ibn Kathir, al-Hafiz Ibn, al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah: Beirut, Lebanon, 2nd ed. 1408 AH.

     17)       Ibn Taymiyah, Al-Jawab al-Sahih liman Baddal Din al-Masih.

     18)       Kamil Musa, al_Madklhal ila al-Tashri’ al-Islami, Mu’assasat al-Risalah: Beirut, 1st ed. 1410 AH/ 1980 AD. 

     19)       Shalabi, Muhammad Mustafa, al-Fiqh al-Islami baina al-Mithaliyyah wa al-Waqi’iyyah, al-Dar al-Jami’iyyah: Beirut, the ed. of 1982.

     20)       Surur, Taha Abd al-Baqi, Dawlat al-Qur’an, al-Maktabah al-‘Ilmiyyah: Cairo, the ed. of 1961.

     21)       Tabarah, ‘Afif, Ruh al-Tashri’ al-Islami, through Shalabi, Muhammad Mustafa, al-Fiqh al-Islami baina al-Mithaliyyah wa al-Waqi’iyyah, al-Dar  al-Jami’iyyah: Beirut, the ed. of 1982.

 

C.     Linguistic Books

       1)         Al-Asfahani, Al-Raghib, Al-Mufradat.

       2)         Al-Fayruzabadi, Al-Qamus al-Muhit.

       3)         Al-Jawhari, Al-Sihah.

       4)         Al-M’jam al-Wasit.

       5)         Ibn Faris, Mu’jam Maqayis al-Lughah.

       6)         Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-‘Arab.

       7)         Mukhtar al-Sihah.

       8)         Taj al-‘Arus.

 

D. Scientific Books

1)      Alexander Tsiaras, From Conception to Birth.

2)      Al-Faruqi, Isma’il R. and Lois Lamya’, The Cultural Atlas of Islam, Macmillan Publishing Company,: New York, 1986.

3)      Al-Nasiyah, The Committee of Scientific Miracles

4)      Al-Zindani, Abdul-Majid, It is the Truth.

5)      EL-Nagger, Zaghlul R., The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Holy Qur’an, Makkah, 1992.

6)      Embryology in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah, a paper presented in the First International Conference of Scientific Miracle in Qur’an and Sunnah, held in Islamabad, Pakistan from 25-28 of Safar, 1408 AH.

7)      Encyclopedia Britannica (CD)

8)      Good News Bible, The Bible Societies, Collins / Fontana, 1986.

9)      Hillel, Daniel, the Fundamentals of Soil Physics, Department of Botany and Soil, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.

10)  Histoire Generale Des Sciences, La Science Contemporaine.

11)  http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD0583.html

12)  Jamal, Dr Basim Tariq, an article about Haman in the Magazine of Scientific Miracle, no. 14, 1423 AH.

13)  Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2002, (CD).

14)  Moore, Patrick and Hunt Garry, Atlas of the Solar System, Rand Mc Nally and Company, Chicago, 1983.

15)  Oxford Encyclopedia, vol. 9, p. 105.

16)  Robert M. Dolphine and Francis H. Witham, Plant Physiology, Arabic Version, 1993 AD, Al-Dar al-’Arabiyyah for Publication and Distribution.

17)  Ross, David A., Introduction to Oceanography, 2nd ed., Prentice - Hall Int., Inc., London, 1977.

18)  Scientific American, several issues.

19)  Strong, James, The New Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, USA, 1984.

20)  Swaidan, Tariq, recorded lectures on al-I’jaz in the Holy Qur’an.

21)  Vidyarthi A.H and U. Ali, Muhammad in Parsi, Hindoo and Buddhist Scriptures, TAJ Publishers, 1993.

22)  Wallen, Robert N., Introduction to Physical Geography, WCB Publishers, USA, 1992.

23)  Webster’s II New Riverside University Dictionary.

24)  Webster’s Seventh Collegiate Dictionary.

25)  Weiner, Jonathan, Planet Earth, Bentam Books, Toronto, 1986.

26)  Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

27)  Zainab Najib, al-Muhit al-Kawni wa Asraruhu, Dar al-Amir: Beirut, 1st ed. 1415 AH/1994 AD.